Anthony Henday, a young Hudson's Bay Company employee, set out
from York Factory in June 1754 to winter with "trading Indians"
along the Saskatchewan River. He adapted willingly and easily to
their way of life; he also kept a journal in which he described the
plains region and took note of rival French traders' success at
their inland posts. A copy of Henday's journal was immediately sent
to the company directors in London. They rewarded Henday handsomely
although they were uncertain where he had travelled, what groups he
had met on the plains, and what success he had in opposing rival
French traders. Since then, uncertainty about Henday's year inland
has increased. The original journal disappeared; only four copies,
dating from 1755 to about 1782, are extant. Each text differs from
the other three; the differences range from variant spellings to
word choice to contradictory statements on vital questions. All
four copies are the work of a company clerk, later factor, named
Andrew Graham, who used them to support his own views on HBC
trading policies. Twentieth-century scholars have based their
claims for Henday's importance as an explorer, trader and observer
of Native cultures on a poorly edited transcript of the 1782 text.
They have been unaware or careless of the journal's textual
ambiguity. "A Year Inland" presents all four copies for the first
time, together with contextual notes and a commentary that
reassesses the journal's information on plains geography, people
and trade.
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