Aristotle towers over Western philosophy and science as no other
single person does. As they have come down to us, Aristotle's works
comprise a veritable encyclopedia of philosophy and logic, the
physical and natural sciences, ethics and politics. Aristotle's
astonishing range and depth made him indisputably the most
important intellectual figure in the Western tradition before the
modern age. Although he has been studied continuously for more than
two-thousand years, his individual works were dispersed, lost,
recovered, and very gradually reunited. The physical transmission
of the Aristotelian corpus was a long, complicated, uncoordinated
process - not one chain of transmission but many. From the Roman
Empire, through the mediation of Arab and Jewish scholars, to the
western Middle Ages and scholasticism and up to the cusp of
modernity in the late 15th century, Aristotle's works were copied
and recopied by scribes in Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin before
finally becoming available again in their original Greek. The
volume illustrates the ways in which the Aristotelian corpus has
been transmitted over time. In particular, it focuses on one
crucial, extended moment: the moment when, thanks to the invention
of printing, Aristotle's works became widely available in Latin,
Greek, and even in vernacular languages in the late 15th and 16th
centuries. At that moment, Aristotle's authority comes under
increasing scrutiny as the new science and philosophy of early
modern Europe chart different courses for the future. However,
Aristotle is not only an obstacle to be overcome, he also serves as
a bridge to the new age especially in the work of Jesuit
philosophers and scientists. One way or the other, Aristotle had to
be dealt with. He could not be avoided. The extraordinary books and
manuscripts in this volume, selected from the collection of the
Martin J. Gross Foundation, demonstrate just how intellectuals of
the time received and wrestled with Aristotle. Through
commentaries, treatises, lecture courses in schools, and above all
in the written marginalia of books, the volume reveals the extent
of the age's engagement with Aristotle. Many of these books and
manuscripts have never before been studied, so this is an important
invitation to reassess the impact and influence of Aristotle at a
point in time when much contemporary scholarship chooses to ignore
him.
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