In 1996, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its report
Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications for Health
Care. In that report, the IOM Committee on Evaluating Clinical
Applications of Telemedicine found telemedicine is similar in most
respects to other technologies for which better evidence of
effectiveness is also being demanded. Telemedicine, however, has
some special characteristics-shared with information technologies
generally-that warrant particular notice from evaluators and
decision makers.
Since that time, attention to telehealth has continued to grow in
both the public and private sectors. Peer-reviewed journals and
professional societies are devoted to telehealth, the federal
government provides grant funding to promote the use of telehealth,
and the private technology industry continues to develop new
applications for telehealth. However, barriers remain to the use of
telehealth modalities, including issues related to reimbursement,
licensure, workforce, and costs. Also, some areas of telehealth
have developed a stronger evidence base than others.
The Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) sponsored
the IOM in holding a workshop in Washington, DC, on August 8-9
2012, to examine how the use of telehealth technology can fit into
the U.S. health care system. HRSA asked the IOM to focus on the
potential for telehealth to serve geographically isolated
individuals and extend the reach of scarce resources while also
emphasizing the quality and value in the delivery of health care
services. This workshop summary discusses the evolution of
telehealth since 1996, including the increasing role of the private
sector, policies that have promoted or delayed the use of
telehealth, and consumer acceptance of telehealth. The Role of
Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment: Workshop Summary
discusses the current evidence base for telehealth, including
available data and gaps in data; discuss how technological
developments, including mobile telehealth, electronic intensive
care units, remote monitoring, social networking, and wearable
devices, in conjunction with the push for electronic health
records, is changing the delivery of health care in rural and urban
environments. This report also summarizes actions that the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can undertake to
further the use of telehealth to improve health care outcomes while
controlling costs in the current health care environment.
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