From data-rich infographics to 140 character tweets and activist
cell phone photos taken at political protests, 21st century
journalism is awash in new ways to report, display, and distribute
the news. Computational journalism, in particular, has been the
object of recent scholarly and industry attention as large
datasets, powerful algorithms, and growing technological capacity
at news organizations seemingly empower journalists and editors to
report the news in creative ways. Can journalists use data-along
with other forms of quantified information such as paper documents
of figures, data visualizations, and charts and graphs-in order to
produce better journalism? In this book, C.W. Anderson traces the
genealogy of data journalism and its material and technological
underpinnings, arguing that the use of data in news reporting is
inevitably intertwined with national politics, the evolution of
computable databases, and the history of professional scientific
fields. It is impossible to understand journalistic uses of data,
Anderson argues, without understanding the oft-contentious
relationship between social science and journalism. It is also
impossible to disentangle empirical forms of public truth telling
without first understanding the remarkably persistent Progressive
belief that the publication of empirically verifiable information
will lead to a more just and prosperous world. Anderson considers
various types of evidence (documents, interviews, informational
graphics, surveys, databases, variables, and algorithms) and the
ways these objects have been used through four different eras in
American journalism (the Progressive Era, the interpretive
journalism movement of the 1930s, the invention of so-called
"precision journalism," and today's computational journalistic
moment) to pinpoint what counts as empirical knowledge in news
reporting. Ultimately the book shows how the changes in these
specifically journalistic understandings of evidence can help us
think through the current "digital data moment" in ways that go
beyond simply journalism.
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