The production of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons can
be affected by several sources of damage under subsurface
conditions that can hinder well productivity. Damage may occur
during different stages of oil and/or gas well formation such as
production, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and workover
operations. For years, formation damage was considered negligible
or was not treated adequately, causing reductions in the production
rate up to the loss of both producer and injector wells. Nowadays,
formation damage is an essential parameter to be considered in the
wells development as its prevention and/or engineered remediation
may lead to cost reduction and improvement of production rate.
Formation damage is challenging in the oil and gas industry, as it
implies a large number of mechanisms that can be involved.
Different fields feature problems associated with fines migration,
asphaltene precipitation/deposition, inorganic scales, condensate
banking, and damage during hydraulic fracturing operations, among
others. Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing technology with
potential applications and benefits. Among the numerous
applications of nanotechnology for energy and the environment, the
nanoparticle technology could be successfully employed as an
attractive alternative in the oil and gas industry for the
inhibition and remediation of different types of formation damage
with cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches. Due to
their exceptional physicochemical properties such as high
dispersibility, high surface area/volume ratio and small size
(1-100 nm), nanoparticles are able to inject into the reservoir,
travel smoothly through the porous media and selectively attack a
specific type of formation damage. Also, at the nanoscale, other
exceptional properties can be obtained, such as high thermal
stability and chemical stability, as well as optically,
magnetically, and electrically tunable properties. This book
provides recent research on nanotechnology applied to the
inhibition/remediation of formation damage in oil and gas
reservoirs. The chapters include methodologies for multi-component
skin characterization, estimating the level of risk of formation
damage, nanoparticle fabrication methods, as well as the
application of nanoparticles and nanofluids at both laboratory and
field conditions. This book should generate a better landscape
about the use of nanoparticles and nanofluids in the improvement of
inhibition and treatment of formation damage, and its application
in local and international scenarios.
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