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Natural Interests - The Contest over Environment in Modern France (Hardcover)
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Natural Interests - The Contest over Environment in Modern France (Hardcover)
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Challenging the conventional wisdom that French environmentalism
can be dated only to the post-1945 period, Caroline Ford argues
that a broadly shared environmental consciousness emerged in France
much earlier. Natural Interests unearths the distinctive features
of French environmentalism, in which a large and varied cast of
social actors played a role. Besides scientific advances and
colonial expansion, nostalgia for a vanishing pastoral countryside
and anxiety over the pressing dangers of environmental degradation
were important factors in the success of this movement. Over the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries, war, political upheaval, and
natural disasters-especially the devastating floods of 1856 and
1910 in Paris-caused growing worry over the damage wrought by
deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization. The natural
world took on new value for France's urban bourgeoisie, as both a
site of aesthetic longing and a destination for tourism. Not only
naturalists and scientists but politicians, engineers, writers, and
painters took up environmental causes. Imperialism and
international dialogue were also instrumental in shaping
environmental consciousness, as the unfamiliar climates of France's
overseas possessions changed perceptions of the natural world and
influenced conservationist policies. By the early twentieth
century, France had adopted innovative environmental legislation,
created national and urban parks and nature reserves, and called
for international cooperation on environmental questions.
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