This book joins a growing trend toward transnational literary
studies and revives a venerable tradition of Anglo-Italian
scholarship centering on John Milton. Correcting misperceptions
that have diminished the international dimensions of his life and
work, it broadly surveys Milton's Italianate studies, travels,
poetics, politics, and religious convictions. While his debts to
Machiavelli and other classical republicans are often noted, few
contemporary critics have explored the Italian sources of his
anti-papal, anti-episcopal, and anti-formalist religious outlook.
Relying on Milton's own testimony, this book explores its roots in
Dante, Petrarch, Ariosto, and that great "Venetian enemy of the
pope," Paolo Sarpi, thereby correcting a recent tendency to make
native English contexts dominate his development. This tendency is
partly due to a mistaken belief that Italy was in steep decline
during and after Milton's travels of 1638-1639, the period
immediately before he produced his prose critiques of the English
Church, its canon law, and its censorship. Yet these were also
fundamentally "Italian" issues that he skillfully adapted to meet
contemporary English needs, a practice enabled by his
extraordinarily positive experience of the Italian language,
cities, academies, and music, the latter of which ultimately
influenced Milton's "operatic" drama, Samson Agonistes. Besides
republicanism and theology (radical doctrines of free grace and
free will), equally strong influences treated here include Italian
Neoplatonism, cosmology, and romance epic. By making these
traditions his own, Milton became what John Steadman once described
as an "Italianate Englishman" whose classical "literary tastes and
critical orientation...were...to a considerable extent" molded by
Italian critics (1976), a view that is fully credited and updated
here.
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