Cato (M. Porcius Cato) the elder (234-149 BCE) of Tusculum,
statesman and soldier, was the first important writer in Latin
prose. His speeches, works on jurisprudence and the art of war, his
precepts to his son on various subjects, and his great historical
work on Rome and Italy are lost. But we have his "De Agricultura";
terse, severely wise, grimly humorous, it gives rules in various
aspects of a farmer's economy, including even medical and cooking
recipes, and reveals interesting details of domestic life.
Varro (M. Terentius), 116-27 BCE, of Reate, renowned for his
vast learning, was an antiquarian, historian, philologist, student
of science, agriculturist, and poet. He was a republican who was
reconciled to Julius Caesar and was marked out by him to supervise
an intended national library. Of Varro's more than seventy works
involving hundreds of volumes we have only one on agriculture and
country affairs ("Rerum Rusticarum") and part of his work on the
Latin language ("De Lingua Latina"; Loeb nos. 333, 334), though we
know much about his Satires. Each of the three books on country
affairs begins with an effective "mise en scene" and uses dialogue.
The first book deals with agriculture and farm management, the
second with sheep and oxen, the third with poultry and the keeping
of other animals large and small, including bees and fishponds.
There are lively interludes and a graphic background of political
events.
General
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