"The political and economic changes that occurred in the Soviet
Union in the six and one-half years of Mikhail Gorbachev's tenure
as General Secretary were breathtaking in their scope and rapidity,
going far beyond most observeiS' expectatiom. Certainly, the
process of refonn which we call perestroilal transfonned the
ossified one-party socialist state that had prevailed
underGorbachev's predecessors. The reasons for embarking on such a
coume of reform were varied-eamomic aism and a decline in the
Soviet state's ability to provide social welfare services for its
citizens, an increasingly apathetic population, and a tense
international environment-all of these factoiS convinced the Soviet
leadeiShip of the necessity of drastic change. The policies of
Gorbachev set refonn in motion: freeing public expression
(glllsnost); encouraging economic decentralization and private
initiative; and creating a more cooperative relationship with the
West."
General
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