After Italy's surrender to the Allies in September 1943, German
naval forces took control of the entire Aegean, and the resulting
guerrilla war in the narrow seas and littoral waters would continue
to rage until the general peace. Naval warfare in the narrow seas
is different from naval actions on the high seas, requiring
different types of ships and craft and different mindsets. In the
cramped and narrow inshore waters, which can easily be dominated
from the shore, sea mines, shore-based air support, and small
submarines play a major role. An analysis of the battle for the
Aegean provides a good example of the types of fighting the U.S.
Navy might face in a future conflict, now that "grande guerre" on
the high seas has become more and more unlikely.
In attempt to assist an embattled Greece, the British
Mediterranean Fleet fought the Italians and the Germans in a
valiant effort to hold the Aegean. By the time Italy left the war
in 1943, the Allies' big battalions and mighty fleets were being
transferred to other more pressing campaigns, leaving behind the
remaining small craft to take up the fight. Adopting a policy of
pinning down those Germans garrisoning the Aegean, the British
resorted to the use of raiding and coastal forces, a tactic which
would eventually force the Germans from all but their most key
positions.
General
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