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William L. Dawson and the Limits of Black Electoral Leadership (Hardcover)
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William L. Dawson and the Limits of Black Electoral Leadership (Hardcover)
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A native of Georgia, William L. Dawson experienced a political
awakening during World War I when he witnessed the U.S. military's
unfair treatment of black soldiers. After the war, he became
involved in the Republican Party in Chicago and, in 1933, won
election as Second Ward Alderman. When his campaign against
discrimination in housing and employment failed and he recognized
that Republicans were losing power, Dawson decided to switch
parties and change tactics. In 1938, he joined forces with two
former Army colleagues to create an independent black wing of the
Democratic Party. The plan succeeded, and within four years, Dawson
was elected as a representative of the First Congressional
district. Over the next decade, he became one of the most powerful
black politicians of the twentieth century. Dawson was the first
African American to create and sustain a powerful black Democratic
faction in Chicago, to chair a standing committee in Congress, to
serve as vice-chairman of the Democratic Party, and to receive a
Cabinet nomination. Despite these personal achievements, Dawson was
not as successful in making gains for his constituents. This
detailed analysis of Dawson's career-from his work with the local
Republican Party in Chicago in the 1920s to his declining years as
a Congressman in Washington, D.C., four decades later-assesses the
viability of electoral politics as a tool for racial advancement.
Manning broadens our understanding of the development of modern
American politics by outlining the strengths and limitations of
black electoral leadership in the postwar era. He argues that black
electoral leadership, as embodied in Dawson's political strategies,
provided considerable opportunities for advancing a racially
progressive agenda at the national level of the Democratic Party
but faced severe limitations within Congress and could do nothing
to ease systemic inequality in Chicago. This political biography
will appeal to scholars of African American history, to U.S.
political historians, and to those interested in black politics.
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