Seventh-century Gaelic law-tracts delineate professional poets
(filid) who earned high social status through formal training.
These poets cooperated with the Church to create an innovative
bilingual intellectual culture in Old Gaelic and Latin. Bede
described Anglo-Saxon students who availed themselves of free
education in Ireland at this culturally dynamic time. Gaelic
scholars called sapientes ("wise ones") produced texts in Old
Gaelic and Latin that demonstrate how Anglo-Saxon students were
influenced by contact with Gaelic ecclesiastical and secular
scholarship. Seventh-century Northumbria was ruled for over 50
years by Gaelic-speaking kings who could access Gaelic traditions.
Gaelic literary traditions provide the closest analogues for Bede's
description of Caedmon's production of Old English poetry. This
ground-breaking study displays the transformations created by the
growth of vernacular literatures and bilingual intellectual
cultures. Gaelic missionaries and educational opportunities helped
shape the Northumbrian "Golden Age", its manuscripts, hagiography,
and writings of Aldhelm and Bede.
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