A friend of Sir Joseph Banks, and with scientific interests of his
own, the naval officer Constantine John Phipps (1744-92) was
appointed by the Admiralty in 1773 to command an Arctic expedition
in search of a passage to the Pacific. Among the crew was a young
Horatio Nelson and a freed slave, Olaudah Equiano, who became the
first African to visit the Arctic. Although unsuccessful in its
primary aim, the voyage is noteworthy for Phipps' description of
the polar bear as a distinct species, and for being a naval voyage
on which research was deemed as crucial as exploration. Following
the publication of this account in 1774, the Gentleman's Magazine
commented that 'there has not appeared a voyage in any language so
replete with nautical information, nor in which the mariner and
philosopher can find such liberal entertainment'. Illustrated
throughout, the work includes a substantial appendix containing the
scientific data.
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