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The Nucleus Basalis-Neostriatum Complex in the Goose (Anser anser L.) (Paperback)
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The Nucleus Basalis-Neostriatum Complex in the Goose (Anser anser L.) (Paperback)
Series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, 96
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In birds, the beak is the most important organ for manipulative
actions: its manipulative capabilities vary as much as those of the
forepaws and snouts of mammals. For the peripheral parts and at
brainstem levels, the sensorimotor circuit of the avian oral region
is roughly similar to the mammalian, but is strikingly different at
higher levels of the central nervous system (CNS) (Ariens- Kappers
et al. 1936). Our field of interest is the organization of the
telencephalic areas involved in the manipulative actions of the
bill. The goose was chosen as a subject because of the extensive
development of the tactile system of the oral region. The
mechanoreceptors in the lower and upper beak are innervated by the
trigeminal nerve (Cords 1904; Berkhoudt 1980), while the tongue is
innervated by branches of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal
nerves (Cords 1904). In the ganglion semilunare, the perikarya of
the fibers of the trigeminal nerve are separated into a distinct
ophthalmic population, and two mutually overlap- ping maxillary and
mandibulary populations (Dubbeldam and Veenman 1978; Noden 1980).
In duck and cockatoo both the glossopharyngeal nerve and trige-
minal nerve relay in the metencephalic principal sensory nucleus of
the trige- minal nerve (PrV) (Dubbeldam et al. 1979; Dubbeldam
1980; Wild 1981). In PrY the three trigeminal branches are
represented in an overlapping dorsoventral sequence (Zeigler and
Witkovsky 1968; Dubbeldam and Karten 1978).
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