Through an examination of religious life in a typical northern
rural locale Cortland County, New York from 1790 to 1860, Curtis D.
Johnson adds to our understanding of the Second Great Awakening, an
intellectual and religious watershed in American history. Offering
both quantitative and qualitative analyses of churches'
memberships, ideologies, and activities, he maintains that scholars
have misunderstood the historical significance of
evangelicalism.
Johnson contends that these churches did not constitute society,
nor were they microcosms of it; rather, they evolved from embattled
congregations of the saved "islands of holiness" to ideologically
conservative, organizationally unified, integrated parts of
society. He uncovers the many diversities of Protestantism in the
form of splits between evangelicals and non-evangelicals,
formalists and anti-formalists, Arminians and Calvinists, Old
School traditionalists and Oberlin perfectionists, church members
and religious society members.
At the heart of the revivalistic impulse, he argues, was
ideological conflict primarily between Calvinists and Arminians
with gender politics and internal church dynamics also contributing
to the evangelical tumult. With a special interest in the
Awakening's impact on congregational life, Johnson focuses on rural
community experience to challenge the findings of historians who
have concentrated exclusively on urban religious expression. He
concludes that the importance of the various factions of
evangelicalism lies in their common exhortation to republicanism
and reform: these congregations, he says, influenced social change
out of proportion to their numbers because activism was a central
tenet of their religion.
Islands of Holiness is a gem of local history. A meticulously
researched book, it makes a valuable contribution to an enduring
aspect of the social history of American religious expression."
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