Ethics is commonly assumed to be the one realm in which luck and
risk do not
intrude. It has been said that 'While one can be lucky in one's
business, in
one's married life, and in one's health, one cannot, so it is
commonly
assumed, be subject to luck as far as one's moral worth is
concerned.' But
although we do not normally hold people responsible for outcomes
beyond
their control, a serious examination of the role of luck and risk
may lead
us to conclude that very few outcomes are really within people's
control.
This is the paradox of 'moral luck'. "
"Risk and Luck in Medical Ethics" examines the 'moral luck'
paradox in greater
detail, relating it to Kantian, consequentialist, and
virtue-based
approaches to ethics. Dickenson applies the paradoxes of risk
and
luck to medical ethics, including timely discussion of risk and
luck in the
allocation of scarce health care resources, informed consent to
treatment,
decisions about withholding life-sustaining treatment,
psychiatry,
reproductive ethics, genetic testing, and medical research
and
evidence-based medicine.
The book concludes with an examination of the relevance of risk
and luck in
a medical context to the study of global ethics. If risk and luck
are taken
seriously, it would seem to follow that we cannot develop any
definite moral
standards at all, that we are doomed to moral relativism. However,
Dickenson
offers strong counter-arguments to this view that enable us to
think in
terms of universal standards for judging ethical systems. This
claim has
direct practical relevance for practitioners as well as
philosophers.
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