John's relationship to the other canonical Gospels has from
Christian antiquity been the subject of serious discussion and
debate. Did John know them? Did he use them as sources for his own
"spiritual" gospel? If so, can his eccentricities in using them be
explained? In John among the Gospels D. Moody Smith confronts these
questions, describing how the relationship of the Fourth Gospel to
the Synoptics has been understood, particularly in modern biblical
scholarship.
John's difference from the other gospel narratives was
recognized by such ancient Christian writers as Clement of
Alexandria in the late second century, Origen in the early third
century, and Eusebius in the early fourth century, who set the
stage for opposing views of John's relation to the Synoptics. John
was deemed either compatible with, if supplementary to, the other
canonical Gospels, as Clement and Eusebius believed, or obviously
at odds historically with the companion works, according to
Origen's opposing view.
These two essential interpretive views have played out to the
present day. Smith summarizes the theories and countertheories that
have driven Johannine scholarship since the time of the early
church, clarifying the interrelationship among commentators at the
same time that he offers an insightful overview of this key issue
in Johannine studies.
In a new, final chapter included in the second edition of John
among the Gospels, Smith emphasizes the difficulty of determining
what constitutes redaction and how the apparently reductional or
compositional elements found their way into the Gospel of John.
Using the Gospel of Mark as his primary point of reference, Smith
probes the difficulties involved indiscerning how John understood
and used the Synoptics, if indeed John knew or used them at
all.
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