Most studies of fear of crime assume that is rimarily induced by
direct or indirect contact with a criminal event. Consequently
programs designed to deal with this problem focus on either
increased police protection or a number of crime prevention
programs. In this study, Dan A. Lewis and Greta W. Salem raise
questions both about the validity of these assumptions and the
effectiveness of the programs. A five-year investigation has led
the authors to challenge those theories that focus only on the
psychological responses to victimizations and fail to take into
account the social and political environments within which such
fears are shaped and nurtured.
Explicitly laying out a "social control" perspective which
informs their research and analysis, the authors examine the fear
of crime in ten neighorhoods in Chicago, San Francisco, and
Philadelphia which represent the range of communities typically
found in urban areas. On the basis of their analysis the authors
contend that fear of crime is not related to exposure or knowledge
about criminal events alone but also stems from residents' concerns
about broad changes taking place in their neighborhoods. Many
people, they argue, are afraid not only because crime occurs but
also because they believe that they have lost control over the
environment in which they live.
Lewis and Salem conclude that the eradication of fear of crime
requires strategies that move beyond the traditional crime
prevention programs to consider ways to restore the control that
community residents feel they have lost and the possibilities for a
more equitable distribution of security in urban areas.
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