This is the first full-scale intellectual biography in English
of Erich Fromm, perhaps the most widely read psychoanalyst after
Freud, whose contributions to clinical and social psychology and
the history of the psychoanalytic movement have long been
underrated. Though considered a pedant, a popularizer--"Escape from
Freedom," "The Sane Society," and "The Art of Loving," among
others, were best-sellers -and an "outsider" in many psychoanalytic
circles, Fromm played a historic role in the development of the
discipline. As a member of Freud's "loyal opposition" with strong
leanings toward the "dissident fringe;' he helped effect the
transfer of productive ideas from the periphery to the mainstream
of the psychoanalytic movement. Daniel Burston's meticulous
elucidation of these ideas unravels the numerous
strands--philosophical, literary, and social--that formed a part of
Freud's own work and of Fromm's sympathetic, but not uncritical,
reaction to Freudian orthodoxy. Despite his grounding in the
tradition of Freud, contemporaries and former associates
persistently misunderstood Fromm's work.
Insofar as he attempted to decipher the ideological subtexts to
Freudian theory, analytically oriented theorists doing clinical or
social research avoided his ideas. His Marxist leanings and his
radically historical approach to human behavior made it all but
impossible for mainstream academic psychologists to grasp his
meaning, much less to grant it any validity. At the same time, his
humanistic and ethical concerns struck many psychologists as
grossly unscientific.
Practical and intellectual constraints have conspired to ensure
that Fromm's impact has been peripheral at best. Burston's
eloquent, evenhanded reassessment of Fromm's life and work cuts
through the ideological and political underbrush to reveal his
pivotal role as a theorist and a critic of modern psychoanalysis.
It leads readers back to Freud, whose theoretical and clinical
contributions Fromm refracted and extended, and on to controversies
that remain a vital part of contemporary intellectual life.
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