The environmental history of Israel is as intriguing and complex as
the nation itself. Situated on a mere 8,630 square miles, bordered
by the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf, varying from desert to
forest, Israel's natural environment presents innumerable
challenges to its growing population. The country's conflicted past
and present, diverse religions, and multitude of cultural
influences powerfully affect the way Israelis imagine, question,
and shape their environment. Zionism, from the late nineteenth
onward, has tempered nearly every aspect of human existence.
Scarcities of usable land and water coupled with border conflicts
and regional hostilities have steeled Israeli's survival instincts.
As this volume demonstrates, these powerful dialectics continue to
undergird environmental policy and practice in Israel today.
"Between Ruin and Restoration" assembles leading experts in policy,
history, and activism to address Israel's continuing environmental
transformation from the biblical era to the present and beyond,
with a particular focus on the past one hundred and fifty years.
The chapters also reflect passionate public debates over meeting
the needs of Israel's population and preserving its natural
resources.
The chapters detail the occupations of the Ottoman Empire and
British colonialists in eighteenth and nineteenth century
Palestine, as well as Fellaheen and pastoralist Bedouin tribes, and
how they shaped much of the terrain that greeted early Zionist
settlers. Following the rise of the Zionist movement, the rapid
influx of immigrants and ensuing population growth put new demands
on water supplies, pollution controls, sanitation, animal
populations, rangelands and biodiversity, forestry, marine policy,
and desertification. Additional chapters view environmental
politics nationally and internationally, the environmental impact
of Israel's military, and considerations for present and future
sustainability.
General
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