A chronological history of the period from 1001a.d. to the Norman
conquest of England in 1066 a.d with the enormous changes brought
about by the Nornan conquest. Anglo-Saxon England. Facing the
threat of Viking invasions, the House of Wessex became dominant
during the 9th century, under the rule of Alfred the Great. During
the 10th century, the individual kingdoms unified under the rule of
Wessex into the Kingdom of England, which stood opposed to the
Danelaw, the Viking kingdoms established from the 9th century in
the north and east of England. The Kingdom of England fell in the
Viking invasion from Denmark in 1013 and was ruled bythe House of
Denmark until 1042, when the Anglo-Saxon House of Wessex was
restored. The last Anglo-Saxon king, Harold Godwinson, was killed
in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings. The Battle of Hastings 1066 and
the House of Normandy. William's claim to the English throne
derived from his familial relationship with the childless
Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged
William's hopes forthe throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was
succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold II of England. The Norwegian
king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066,
was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Harold defeated and
killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September 1066.
Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched
south to confront him, leaving a significant portion of his army in
the north. Harold's army confronted William's invaders on 14
October at the Battle of Hastings; William's force defeated Harold,
who was killed in the engagement. Although William's main rivals
were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and
was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the
resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled
into exile. To control his new kingdom, William gave lands to his
followers and built castles commanding military strongpoints
throughout the land. Other effects of the conquest included the
court and government, the introduction of Norman French as the
language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper
classes, as William enfeoffed lands to be held directly from the
king. More gradual changes affected the agricultural classes and
village life: the main change appears to have been the formal
elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been linked to
the invasion.There was little alteration in the structure of
government, as the new Norman administrators took over many of the
forms of Anglo-Saxon government. This book is part of the
Chronology series which endeavors to provide you with a refreshing
new approach to history; detailing all the tumultuous events
leading to the Norman Conquest and beyond. All in chronological
order making reference much easier.
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