The transition from a predominantly self-sufficient economy to
one primarily dependent on the market in the first half of the
nineteenth century was to effect changes in the United States fully
as far-reaching if not as spectacular as those accompanying the
industrial revolution. Farming as a way of life was yielding place
to the concept of farming as a means of profit. Few farmers in the
country felt the impact of these revolutionary forces more directly
than those of eastern New York State. Indeed, discontent over these
changes contributed to the violent Anti-Rent War (1839 1846)
centered in the Catskills.
How New York farmers met these challenges is the central theme
of Landlords and Farmers in the Hudson-Mohawk Region, 1790 1850.
Focusing on twenty-one counties in eastern New York, David Maldwyn
Ellis describes the process of settlement, the growth of
population, and the characteristics of pioneer agriculture; traces
the rapid shifts from grain culture to sheep raising and dairying;
and points out the variety of individual and local adjustments
caused by differences in soil, topography, accessibility to market,
cultural legacies, and individual enterprise. Ellis also contrasts
the forces leading to rural decline with the beginnings of
scientific husbandry and agricultural education; evaluates the role
of roads, canals, and railroads, and outlines the land pattern and
the effect of leasehold upon the region's agrarian development.
In short, this classic work of American agricultural history and
the history of New York State originally published by Cornell in
1946 chronicles the transformation of the pioneer farmer into the
dairyman."
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