Ego psychology is the aspect of psychoanalytic theory concerned
with how people adapt to the demands and possibilities of their
worlds in accordance with their inner requirements. All substantial
theories of personality refer to adaptation, but there are several
features special to ego psychology. It offers by far the most
elaborate picture of the adaptive apparatus and of the varied
devices humans have for negotiating among their drives and their
life situations. More than any other theory of psychology, it
emphasizes the complicated transactions that go on in people's
minds, of which many are outside conscious awareness. Norman A.
Polansky argues that we must be disciplined enough to commit
ourselves to one consistent line of theory if we are to harness
reasoning to go beyond what we can directly observe.
Few who are, or aspire to be, caseworkers, therapists or
counselors come to this book innocent of all the ideas contained
herein. Much will seem familiar from previous training and from
experiences with people. Moreover, many Freudian terms have been
adopted into the working vocabularies of all educated people. Words
like instinctual drive, defense mechanism, anxiety, guilt,
conflict, unconscious, and the like, are used all the time in
estimating each other. One task of Integrated Ego Psychology is
defining such terms with precise meanings, as well as showing the
logical connections among them.
Psychoanalytic theory has envolved for about a century, and some
"grand simplicities" have finally emerged. This book, for
practitioners, indicates the need for a theory to guide work if we
are to help people effectively. The theory must be elaborate enough
to cover a very wide range of human activity and it must meet
certain other standards as well.
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