With three independent branches, a legislature divided into two
houses, and many diverse constituencies, it is remarkable that the
federal government does not collapse in permanent deadlock. Yet,
this system of government has functioned for well over two
centuries, even through such heated partisan conflicts as the
national health-care showdown and Supreme Court nominations. In
"Partisan Balance," noted political scholar David Mayhew examines
the unique electoral foundations of the presidency, Senate, and
House of Representatives in order to provide a fresh understanding
for the government's success and longstanding vitality.
Focusing on the period after World War II, and the fate of
legislative proposals offered by presidents from Harry Truman to
George W. Bush, Mayhew reveals that the presidency, Senate, and
House rest on surprisingly similar electoral bases, with little
difference in their partisan textures as indexed by the
presidential popular vote cast in the various constituencies. Both
congressional chambers have tilted a bit Republican, and while
White House legislative initiatives have fared accordingly, Mayhew
shows that presidents have done relatively well in getting their
major proposals enacted. Over the long haul, the Senate has not
proven much more of a stumbling block than the House. Arguing that
the system has developed a self-correcting impulse that leads each
branch to pull back when it deviates too much from other branches,
Mayhew contends that majoritarianism largely characterizes the
American system. The wishes of the majority tend to nudge
institutions back toward the median voter, as in the instances of
legislative districting, House procedural reforms, and term limits
for presidents and legislators.
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