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Changing Worlds - Vietnam's Transition from Cold War to Globalization (Hardcover)
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Changing Worlds - Vietnam's Transition from Cold War to Globalization (Hardcover)
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Throughout the entire Cold War era, Vietnam served as a grim symbol
of the ideological polarity that permeated international politics.
But when the Cold War ended in 1989, Vietnam faced the difficult
task of adjusting to a new world without the benefactors it had
come to rely on. In Changing Worlds, David W. P. Elliott, who has
spent the past half century studying modern Vietnam, chronicles the
evolution of the Vietnamese state from the end of the Cold War to
the present. When the communist regimes of Eastern Europe
collapsed, so did Vietnam's model for analyzing and engaging with
the outside world. Fearing that committing fully to globalization
would lead to the collapse of its own system, the Vietnamese
political elite at first resisted extensive engagement with the
larger international community. Over the next decade, though,
China's rapid economic growth and the success of the Asian "tiger
economies," along with a complex realignment of regional and global
international relations reshaped Vietnamese leaders' views. In 1995
Vietnam joined the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
its former adversary, and completed the normalization of relations
with the United States. By 2000, Vietnam had "taken the plunge" and
opted for greater participation in the global economic system.
Vietnam finally joined the World Trade Organization in 2006.
Elliott contends that Vietnam's political elite ultimately
concluded that if the conservatives who opposed opening up to the
outside world had triumphed, Vietnam would have been condemned to a
permanent state of underdevelopment. Partial reform starting in the
mid-1980s produced some success, but eventually the reformers'
argument that Vietnam's economic potential could not be fully
exploited in a highly competitive world unless it opted for deep
integration into the rapidly globalizing world economy prevailed.
Remarkably, deep integration occurred without Vietnam losing its
unique political identity. It remains an authoritarian state, but
offers far more breathing space to its citizens than in the
pre-reform era. Far from being absorbed into a Western-inspired
development model, globalization has reinforced Vietnam's
distinctive identity rather than eradicating it. The market economy
led to a revival of localism and familism which has challenged the
capacity of the state to impose its preferences and maintain the
wartime narrative of monolithic unity. Although it would be
premature to talk of a genuine civil society, today's Vietnam is an
increasingly pluralistic community. Drawing from a vast body of
Vietnamese language sources, Changing Worlds is the definitive
account of how this highly vulnerable Communist state remade itself
amidst the challenges of the post-Cold War era.
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