Since the days of the Spanish Conquest, the indigenous
populations of Andean Bolivia have struggled to preserve their
textile-based writings. This struggle continues today, both in
schools and within the larger culture. "The Metamorphosis of Heads"
explores the history and cultural significance of Andean textile
writings--weavings and kipus (knotted cords), and their extreme
contrasts in form and production from European alphabet-based
texts. Denise Arnold examines the subjugation of native texts in
favor of European ones through the imposition of homogenized
curricula by the Educational Reform Law. As Arnold reveals, this
struggle over language and education directly correlates to
long-standing conflicts for land ownership and power in the region,
since the majority of the more affluent urban population is Spanish
speaking, while indigenous languages are spoken primarily among the
rural poor. "The Metamorphosis of Heads" acknowledges the vital
importance of contemporary efforts to maintain Andean history and
cultural heritage in schools, and shows how indigenous Andean
populations have incorporated elements of Western textual practices
into their own textual activities.
Based on extensive fieldwork over two decades, and historical,
anthropological, and ethnographic research, Denise Arnold assembles
an original and richly diverse interdisciplinary study. The textual
theory she proposes has wider ramifications for studies of Latin
America in general, while recognizing the specifically regional
practices of indigenous struggles in the face of nation building
and economic globalization.
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