Dio Cocceianus Chrysostomus, ca. 40-ca. 120 CE, of Prusa in
Bithynia, Asia Minor, inherited with his brothers large properties
and debts from his generous father Pasicrates. He became a skilled
rhetorician hostile to philosophers. But in the course of his
travels he went to Rome in Vespasian's reign (69-79) and was
converted to Stoicism. Strongly critical of the emperor Domitian
(81-96) he was about 82 banned by him from Italy and Bithynia and
wandered in poverty, especially in lands north of the Aegean, as
far as the Danube and the primitive Getae. In 97 he spoke publicly
to Greeks assembled at Olympia, was welcomed at Rome by emperor
Nerva (96-98), and returned to Prusa. Arriving again at Rome on an
embassy of thanks about 98-99 he became a firm friend of emperor
Trajan. In 102 he travelled to Alexandria and elsewhere. Involved
in a lawsuit about plans to beautify Prusa at his own expense, he
stated his case before the governor of Bithynia, Pliny the Younger,
111-112. The rest of his life is unknown.
Nearly all of Dio's extant Discourses (or Orations) reflect
political concerns (the most important of them dealing with affairs
in Bithynia and affording valuable details about conditions in Asia
Minor) or moral questions (mostly written in later life; they
contain much of his best writing). Some philosophical and
historical works, including one on the Getae, are lost. What
survives of his achievement as a whole makes him prominent in the
revival of Greek literature in the last part of the first century
and the first part of the second.
The Loeb Classical Library edition of Dio Chrysostom is in five
volumes.
General
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