THE RISE OF GEORGE CANNING THE STUDY OF A POtlTICAL APPRENTICESHIP
GEORGE CANNING by Sir T. Lawrence NJ C. THE RISE OF GEORGE CANNING
BY DOROTHY MARSHALL, PH. D. Sometime Scholar ofGirton College
Lecturer in History at the University College of South Wales and
Monmouthshire WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HAROLD TEMPERLEY, LITT. D.,
F. B. A. Master of Peterhouse Professor of Modem History in the
University of Cambridge WITH ILLUSTRATIONS LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO.
LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO PREFACE THIS study of Canning as a young
man is very largely based upon private papers hitherto unpublished
and now in the possession of the Right Hon. the Earl of Harewood,
who has very kindly given permission for me to use them for this
purpose. For the years 1793-5 there is a very full journal which
Canning wrote up every few days and sent in instalments to his
uncle by marriage, the Rev. William Leigh. This, though presumably
not quite so revealing as a private diary, gives a very full and
unforced picture of his life from day to day. After 1800 his
letters to his wife, which were absolutely unreserved and
confidential, are particularly valuable for the light which they
throw on his hopes and plans. The collection also contains a few
letters to Lady Susan Ryder dealing with the period of Cannings
courtship. All the quotations in the text, unless otherwise stated
in the footnotes, come either from the journal or these letters.
For the period before 1793 a series of letters written to his aunt,
Hester Canning, and his cousin, Bessy Canning, though not so full
as his later correspondence, help to fill in some gaps. These
letters, which are now in the posses sion of Mrs. Western, who has
most kindly allowedquotations to be made from them, are referred to
in the footnotes as Western Letters. Additional information is also
supplied by a collection of unprinted letters at the Public Record
Office G. D. 29 8, written by Canning to Lord Granville Leveson
Gower and not included in the volumes of his Private Correspondence
edited by Castalia, Countess Granville in 1916. vi PREFACE Printed
material dealing with Canning is comparatively plentiful. The early
chapters of Dr. Temperleys Life of Canning are particularly useful
in giving the main facts of his early life, and provided the
starting-point for this more detailed study of the young Canning. I
have tried, as far as possible, to base this biography on letters
which Canning either wrote or received rather than on what has been
written about him. This has been made easier by the fact that many
of his letters have been included in printed collections of
correspondence. Of these the most useful are the Private
Correspondence of Granville Leveson Gower, referred to above, J.
Bagots George Canning and his Friends, and G. Festings John HooMiam
Frere and his Friends. A. G. Stapletons well-known George Canning
and his Times contains interesting letters, but I have drawn as
little as possible on this source, preferring to use less familiar
material when it has been available. For the pre-Oxford period No,
39 of the Microcosm and the article Some Letters of George Canning,
by the Rev. J. Raven, in the Anglo-Saxon Review vol. Ill, 1899, are
useful, while J. Newtons pamphlet, The Early Days of George
Canning, pro vides an authentic picture of Canning as an
undergraduate. Stratford de Redcliffes Recollections of Canning in
the Nineteenth Century Jan. 1880gives another picture of Canning
based on personal knowledge . Lord Malmesbury s Diaries and the
Dropmore MSS. Hist. MSS. Com. cover the period of his first
experience of office as Under-Secretary of State. E. D. Adams The
Influence ofGrenville on Pitts Foreign Policy supplies a good
picture of the diplomacy of these years. Other important letters
are to be found in Stanhopes Miscellanies second edition and his
Life of Pitt and in Pitt and Napoleon by Holland Rose...
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