During the summer of 1916, approximately 270,000 Central
Asians-Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Turkmen, and Uzbeks-perished at the
hands of the Russian army in a revolt that began with resistance to
the Tsar's World War I draft. In addition to those killed outright,
tens of thousands of men, women, and children died while trying to
escape over treacherous mountain passes into China. Experts
calculate that the Kyrgyz, who suffered most heavily, lost 40% of
their total population. This horrific incident was nearly lost to
history. During the Soviet era, the massacre of 1916 became a taboo
subject, hidden in sealed archives and banished from history books.
Edward Dennis Sokol's pioneering Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central
Asia, published in 1954 and reissued now for the first time in
decades, was for generations the only scholarly study of the
massacre in any language. Drawing on early Soviet periodicals,
including Krasnyi Arkhiv ( The Red Archive), Sokol's wide-ranging
and exhaustively researched work explores the Tsarist policies that
led to Russian encroachment against the land and rights of the
indigenous Central Asian people. It describes the corruption that
permeated Russian colonial rule and argues that the uprising was no
mere draft riot, but a revolt against Tsarist colonialism in all
its dimensions: economic, political, religious, and national.
Sokol's masterpiece also traces the chain reaction between the
uprising, the collapse of Tsarism, and the Bolshevik Revolution. A
classic study of a vanished world, Sokol's work takes on
contemporary resonance in light of Vladimir Putin's heavy-handed
efforts to persuade Kyrgyzstan to join his new economic union.
Sokol explains how an earlier Russian conquest ended in disaster
and implies that a modern conquest might have the same effect.
Essential reading for historians, political scientists, and
policymakers, this reissued edition is being published to coincide
with the centennial observation of the genocide.
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