During the first decade of the twenty-first century, worker
resistance in China increased rapidly despite the fact that certain
segments of the state began moving in a pro-labor direction. In
explaining this, Eli Friedman argues that the Chinese state has
become hemmed in by an insurgency trap of its own devising and is
thus unable to tame expansive worker unrest. Labor conflict in the
process of capitalist industrialization is certainly not unique to
China and indeed has appeared in a wide array of countries around
the world. What is distinct in China, however, is the combination
of postsocialist politics with rapid capitalist development.
Other countries undergoing capitalist industrialization have
incorporated relatively independent unions to tame labor conflict
and channel insurgent workers into legal and rationalized modes of
contention. In contrast, the Chinese state only allows for one
union federation, the All China Federation of Trade Unions, over
which it maintains tight control. Official unions have been unable
to win recognition from workers, and wildcat strikes and other
forms of disruption continue to be the most effective means for
addressing workplace grievances. In support of this argument,
Friedman offers evidence from Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces,
where unions are experimenting with new initiatives, leadership
models, and organizational forms."
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