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Giving Beyond the Gift - Apophasis and Overcoming Theomania (Paperback, New)
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Giving Beyond the Gift - Apophasis and Overcoming Theomania (Paperback, New)
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This book explores the co-dependency of monotheism and idolatry by
examining the thought of several prominent twentieth-century Jewish
philosophers-Cohen, Buber, Rosenzweig, and Levinas. While all of
these thinkers were keenly aware of the pitfalls of scriptural
theism, to differing degrees they each succumbed to the temptation
to personify transcendence, even as they tried either to circumvent
or to restrain it by apophatically purging kataphatic descriptions
of the deity. Derrida and Wyschogrod, by contrast, carried the
project of denegation one step further, embarking on a path that
culminated in the aporetic suspension of belief and the consequent
removal of all images from God, a move that seriously compromises
the viability of devotional piety. The inquiry into apophasis,
transcendence, and immanence in these Jewish thinkers is
symptomatic of a larger question. Recent attempts to harness the
apophatic tradition to construct a viable postmodern negative
theology, a religion without religion, are not radical enough. Not
only are these philosophies of transcendence guilty of a turn to
theology that defies the phenomenological presupposition of an
immanent phenomenality, but they fall short on their own terms,
inasmuch as they persist in employing metaphorical language that
personalizes transcendence and thereby runs the risk of undermining
the irreducible alterity and invisibility attributed to the
transcendent other. The logic of apophasis, if permitted to run its
course fully, would exceed the need to posit some form of
transcendence that is not ultimately a facet of immanence.
Apophatic theologies, accordingly, must be supplanted by a more
far-reaching apophasis that surpasses the theolatrous impulse lying
coiled at the crux of theism, an apophasis of apophasis, based on
accepting an absolute nothingness-to be distinguished from the
nothingness of an absolute-that does not signify the unknowable One
but rather the manifold that is the pleromatic abyss at being's
core. Hence, the much-celebrated metaphor of the gift must give way
to the more neutral and less theologically charged notion of an
unconditional givenness in which the distinction between giver and
given collapses. To think givenness in its most elemental,
phenomenological sense is to allow the apparent to appear as given
without presuming a causal agency that would turn that given into a
gift.
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