INTRODUCTION TO THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - PREFACE TO
THE FIRST EDITION - THIS introduction first took shape four years
ago in Erlangen for the purpose of facilitating for myself and my
demonstrator the element ary practical instruction in organic
chemistry. A year ago it was rewritten and manifolded for the use
of the students in the laboratory at Wurzburg. As in a short time
all the copies were disposed of, and inquiries are also frequently
made for it from outside, I have decided to have it printed. The
considerations which have governed the selection and arrangement of
the are for the most part of a practical nature, such as the cost
of the materials and apparatus, and the easiness, shortness, and
freedom from danger of the operations themselves. The prescriptions
are often tested, and are such that the student can make all the
preparations in one Semester at a cost of about forty shillings for
materials. Examples are included of almost all operations, and of
the commonest synthetic methods. Theoretical explanations are
avoided as far as possible, because it is more stimulating for the
students to obtain information on the strength of their own
observations by consulting the original literature or the
text-books, or by verbal instruction. In working out and
practically testing the directions, I have had the assistance of Dr
Wilhelm Wislicenus, to whom my thanks are due. EMIL FISCHER -
PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION - IN comparison with the sixth
edition, the number of preparations has had to be increased by
one-half in order to include some new reactions, and in order to be
able to give attention to the field of research chiefly worked upon
in the organic department ofthis laboratory. d As, however, the
course thereby became so, extensive that most students were no
longer able to complete it in three or four months, I have divided
it into two parts. The first contains the exercises required of
chemists. With the exception of those marked in index and
contents-list with n star, they are here compulsory, i. e. they
must be carried out before the usual piece of research is
commenced. The second part is intended chiefly for medical an d
biologists who wish to acquaint themselves with the methods of
organic chemistry. For previous practice they usually carry out
preparations in the first part, and they usually require for both
lots not more than one Semester. In order to prevent accidents, the
students in this laboratory are made aware of the dangers of
chemical work by means of detailed notices, and it seemed to me
advisable to place these warnings at the beginning of this book.
There - is, in addition, at the end a small table giving the
strengths of the most common solutions, the concentrations of which
are chosen to be simple multiples of the normal strength. Their use
has proved very convenient owing to the simplification of
calculations which it effects. In the rewriting of the book, which
has also been extended to the older preparations and takes into
account the practical experience of the last five years, I have
been ably assisted by Professors and Doctors R. Pschorr, 0. Em
rnerlirlg, 0. Diels, E. Abderhalden, F. Sachs, H. Leuchs, E.
Kiinigs, and R. Kempf, and I wish to offer them my hearty thanks.
To Professor Diels I am also indebted for the skilful preparatio l
of the drawings. EAIIL FISCHER. F . L I . I IF, .. lprz 1905...
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