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The Early Martyr Narratives - Neither Authentic Accounts nor Forgeries (Hardcover)
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The Early Martyr Narratives - Neither Authentic Accounts nor Forgeries (Hardcover)
Series: Divinations: Rereading Late Ancient Religion
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From Eusebius of Caesarea, who first compiled a collection of
martyr narratives around 300, to Thierry Ruinart, whose Acta
primorum martyrum sincera et selecta was published in 1689, the
selection and study of early hagiographic narratives has been
founded on an assumption that there existed documents written at
the time of martyrdom, or very close to it. As a result, a search
for authenticity has been and continues to be central, even in the
context of today's secular scholarship. But, as Eric Rebillard
contends, the alternative approach, to set aside entirely the
question of the historical reliability of martyr narratives, is not
satisfactory either. Instead, he argues that martyr narratives
should be consider as fluid "living texts," written anonymously and
received by audiences not as precise historical reports but as
versions of the story. In other words, the form these texts took,
between fact and fiction, made it possible for audiences to readily
accept the historicity of the martyr while at the same time not
expect to hear or read a truthful account. In The Early Martyr
Narratives, Rebillard considers only accounts of Christian martyrs
supposed to have been executed before 260, and only those whose
existence is attested in sources that can be dated to before 300.
The resulting small corpus contains no texts in the form of legal
protocols, traditionally viewed as the earliest, most official and
authentic records, nor does it include any that can be dated to a
period during which persecution of Christians is known to have
taken place. Rather than deduce from this that they are forgeries
written for the sake of polemic or apologetic, Rebillard
demonstrates how the literariness of the narratives creates a
fictional complicity that challenges and complicates any claims of
these narratives to be truthful.
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