In 1924, not quite two years after receiving his doctorate from
the University of Vienna, Eric Voegelin was named a Laura Spelman
Rockefeller Memorial Fellow and thus given the opportunity to
pursue postdoctoral studies in the United States. For the next
twenty-four months, Voegelin worked with some of the most creative
scholars in America and at several of the country's great
universities, an experience that undoubtedly influenced his
scholarly and personal perspectives throughout his life. A more
immediate result was the publication in 1928 of "On the Form of the
American Mind, " the young philosopher's first major work, in which
his acute perceptions and analyses combine with a conceptual
vocabulary struggling to find its own coherence and form.Voegelin
begins his inquiry into the form of the American mind with a
complex discussion of the concepts of time and existence in
European and American philosophy and continues with an extended
interpretation of George Santayana, a study of the Puritan mystic
Jonathan Edwards, a presentation on Anglo-American jurisprudence,
and a consideration of the historian, economist, and political
scientist John R. Commons (Voegelin was particularly interested in
Commons' views on the mental, political, social, and economic
aspects of democracy in modern urban and industrial America).
Although admitting that this diversity of themes seems only loosely
connected," Voegelin demonstrates the actual overall unity of these
various subjects: each concerns linguistic expressions of a
theoretical nature.
Analysis of "On the Form of the American Mind" indicates that
Voegelin integrated the approaches of "Lebensphilosophie" into what
Georg Misch called the "philosophical combination of anthropology
and history," which characterized contemporary trends within the
discourse of the "Geisteswissenschaften" and finally resulted in a
theoretical paradigm of philosophical anthropology.
Jurgen Gebhardt and Barry Cooper provide access to this
brilliant study with their two-part introduction. The first part
considers "On the Form of the American Mind" in the context of
methodological debates ongoing in Germany at the time Voegelin was
writing the book; the second describes Voegelin's American
experience and compares his work with similar studies written
during the post-World War I period.
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