In Liberty or Equality, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn first examines
the historical and current meanings of both democracy and
liberalism, demonstrating why the two do not necessarily coincide.
He then puts forward a series of propositions, the first of which
is that the impulse of democracy as popular government is the
pursuit of equality, and that this leads unavoidably--and has in
fact led--to collectivism and oppressive totalitarianism. He
presents the apprehensions of thinkers and observers who lived
between 1790 and 1914 and who, in true Platonic fashion, feared the
rise of totalitarian tyranny in an evolutionary or dialectical
process out of the very essence of democracy. Their views are then
coordinated with those of our near-contemporaries, offering the
reader a cogent study in the history of ideas.
The second proposition is that monarchy is a more serviceable
form of government than democracy, and is likely to be more
liberal. Here the author deals with the weaknesses and inherent
dangers of the democratic doctrine, which are avoided or mitigated
in monarchical government. The final proposition is that the
political temper of historically Catholic nations is more liberal
than that of Protestant nations.
While the political temper of our own times dictates a new
servitude of enforced equality--even alongside the ideal of
negative freedom--arbitrary equality, writes Kuehnelt-Leddihn, is a
natural impossibility. Complete liberty is likewise an unnatural
concept. While both are unnatural conceptions, there is a practical
solution to this dilemma that has confounded human history. Hinted
at by the author throughout, it involves both a retrieval of the
best of Catholic political and social thought, as well as the
observance of a tested and venerable program of action: in
necessities unity; in doubtful things liberty; in everything
charity.
General
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