Hardly a day passes without prominent journalists, policymakers,
academics, or scientists calling attention to the worldwide scale
of the environmental crisis confronting humankind. While climate
change has generated the greatest alarm in recent years, other
global problems - desertification, toxic pollution, species
extinctions, drought and deforestation, to name just a few - loom
close behind. The scope of the most pressing environmental problems
far exceeds the capacity of individual nation-states, much less
smaller political entities. This disjuncture between the enormous
scale of challenges confronting the global community and the
inadequacy of existing governmental mechanisms is, of course, a
familiar feature of international affairs in the era of accelerated
globalization since the end of the Cold War. As flows of money,
goods, labor, and information (not to mention pollutants) have
become increasingly global, governments have failed to keep pace by
establishing new cooperative regimes or ceding authority to
supranational regulatory institutions. Moreover, just as the
problems confronting them have become more acute, nation-states
have seen their authority diminished by economic globalization, the
growth of non-governmental activist groups, and the accelerating
flow of information. If such challenges are becoming more extreme
in recent years, however, they are not as new as some commentary
might suggest. As this book shows, nation-states have long sought
agreements to manage migratory wildlife, just as they have
negotiated conventions governing the exploitation of rivers and
other bodies of water. Similarly, nation-states have long attempted
to control resources beyond their borders, to impose their
standards of proper environmental exploitation on others, or to
draw on expertise developed elsewhere to cope with environmental
problems at home. This collection examines this little-understood
history, providing context, reference points, and even lessons that
should inform ongoing debates about the best choices for the
future.
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