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Books > Humanities > Archaeology > Archaeology by period / region > Prehistoric archaeology
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First Farmers of the Carpathian Basin - Changing Patterns in Subsistence, Ritual and Monumental Figurines (Hardcover)
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First Farmers of the Carpathian Basin - Changing Patterns in Subsistence, Ritual and Monumental Figurines (Hardcover)
Series: Prehistoric Society Research Papers, 8
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This study explores and demonstrates processes of cultural change
in the first half of the 6th millennium cal BC, among the Koeroes
and Starcevo groups of the northern marginal zones of the Balkans.
Within this period and zone, which forms the southern part of the
Carpathian basin, clay was the fundamental and most abundant
building block of material culture, architecture, everyday life and
cult practices. Clay walls, furniture, ten thousands of vessels,
hundreds of clay figurines and other cult objects accumulated as
huge piles of clay debris in every settlement. Traditional system
of subsistence patterns ceased to fully function when these first
farmers occupied cool and wet hilly forested landscapes: the
environmental and cognitive challenges gradually led to the decline
of this clay-centred orbit. At the same time, these changes gave
birth to a no-less stunning world constructed more of timber and
stones, with transformations in subsistence, material culture and
rituals. This transition is inextricably bound up with the
formation of the first farmers' communities of Central Europe, the
Bandkeramik (LBK). The need for new elements of subsistence
involved the increasing significance of cattle over caprinae: this
shift infiltrated into ritual activities. The newly identified
large horned cattle figurine type, acting as the cornerstone of
this study, is an embodiment of the last instance among the
South-East european communities of the clay world, while changes in
the depictions already reflect the transformation of lifestyles.
The role of cattle and their monumental depictions, found in
domestic contexts, define methods for unfolding this phenomenon. In
this fascinating new study, Eszter Banffy takes a holistic approach
to the definition of monumental early Neolithic clay figurines,
analogies over South-east Europe, and the reconstruction of rituals
involved in the making and using figurines. She reviews a broad
scope of environmental and (social) zooarchaeological analyses to
examine the concomitant development and significance of early
dairying. The target is to present one possible narrative on the
fading of the South-east European 'clayscapes', towards the birth
of the LBK and the Central European Neolithic.
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