In recent years, much attention has focused on the growth of
nonstandard and contingent employment (including part-time work),
which involves up to 30 percent of the total U.S. labor force.
There is little agreement on either the causes or the effects of
this trend. Some researchers emphasize the advantages: employees
may explore the job market and obtain work that does not
necessarily involve rigid schedules, while employers enjoy greater
flexibility and lower costs. Others point to the disadvantages for
employees, such as lack of job security, fewer benefits and chances
for promotion, and often lower wages. Drawbacks for employers
include a workforce that has little chance to develop firm-specific
knowledge or loyalty.
Chapters in Nonstandard Work: The Nature and Challenges of
Emerging Employment Arrangements carefully analyze the extent and
nature of various nonstandard work arrangements; their advantages
and disadvantages for employees and employers; the demographic,
industrial, and occupational distribution of such positions; and
the question of whether standard employment itself is changing.
Some contributors consider how innovative labor market
intermediaries and unions might expand opportunities for workers
while also helping firms to raise their productivity.
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