The forty-percent drop in crime that occurred across the U.S. from
1991 to 2000 remains largely an unsolved mystery. Even more
puzzling is the eighty-percent drop over nineteen years in New York
City. Twice as long and twice as large, it is the largest crime
decline on record. In The City That Became Safe, Franklin E.
Zimring seeks out the New York difference through a comprehensive
investigation into the city's falling crime rates. The usual
understanding is that aggressive police created a zero-tolerance
law enforcement regime that drove crime rates down. Is this
political sound bite true-are the official statistics generated by
the police accurate? Though zero-tolerance policing and
quality-of-life were never a consistent part of the NYPD's
strategy, Zimring shows the numbers are correct and argues that
some combination of more cops, new tactics, and new management can
take some credit for the decline That the police can make a
difference at all in preventing crime overturns decades of
conventional wisdom from criminologists, but Zimring also points
out what most experts have missed: the New York experience
challenges the basic assumptions driving American crime- and
drug-control policies. New York has shown that crime rates can be
greatly reduced without increasing prison populations. New York
teaches that targeted harm reduction strategies can drastically cut
down on drug related violence even if illegal drug use remains
high. And New York has proven that epidemic levels of violent crime
are not hard-wired into the populations or cultures of urban
America. This careful and penetrating analysis of how the nation's
largest city became safe rewrites the playbook on crime and its
control for all big cities.
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