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PORTUGAL. Area: 36,508 square miles. Population: 3,725,000
inhabitants. The kingdom of Portugal, comprising the western coast
of the Pyrenean peninsula is upon an average 106 miles in breadth,
surrounded on the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the
other sides by Spain. Of the above-stated area continental Portugal
comprises 35.358 square miles, while the remainder is to be
assigned to the Azore Isles, which, together with the former,
constitute one and the same political body, and rank among the
other Portuguese provinces. Thus they are not to be considered as
African colonies, like Cape Verd Islands. Angola, etc.; and as they
at the same time are situated very nearly opposite Lisbon, and
little more than 800 miles distant from continental Portugal (while
the distance between them and the next points of Africa amounts to
more than 920 miles), they are very improperly ranked by most
geographers as among the African Islands. Of the above-stated
population, 3.500,000 live in continental Portugal, and 250,000
inhabitants on the Azore Isles. The Roman Catholic profession is
the religion of the state, though all other denominations are
tolerated. The archbishop of Lisbon bears the title of patriarch
since the year 1717; besides him, there are 6 bishops in Portugal
and its colonies (formerly there were 12 archbishops and 14
bishops), and their dioceses comprise Climate?Soil?Productions.
4,086 parishes. Even so late as the year 1821 Portugal still
numbered 360 monasteries with 5,700 monks, aud 126 nunneries with
2,725 nuns. But in 1834 all cloisters were abolished. The surface
of the country is in general mountainous, though not in such a
prevailing manner as in Spain. The highest mountain ranges of
Portugal are the Sierra de Estrdla, rising to 7,700 f...
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