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Revival: The State (1922) - Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically (Paperback)
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Revival: The State (1922) - Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically (Paperback)
Series: Routledge Revivals
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A pioneering historical analysis of the state from a sociological
perspective which focuses on the changing nature of political power
and the groups who wielded this power. One of his key insights is
the distinction between the economic and the political means of
acquiring wealth. This is the 1914 book that started it all in the
20th century, the book that kicked off a century of anti-state,
pro-property writing. This was the prototype for Nock's writing,
for Chodorov's work, and even the theoretical edifice that later
became Rothbardianism. Indeed, Franz Oppenheimer wrote what remains
one of the most bracing and stimulating volumes in the history of
political philosophy. The author sought to overthrow centuries of
fallacious thinking on the subject of the state's origin, nature,
and purpose, put its it place a view of the state that constitutes
a foundational attack on the structure of modern society. He
utterly demolishes the social-contract view of the state as it had
been advanced by most thinkers since the Enlightenment. He seeks to
replace that view with a realistic assessment of the state, one
that can only make anyone with statist leanings squirm: he sees the
state as composed of a victorious group of bandits who rule over
the defeated group with the purpose of domination and exploitation.
It achieves its status through a form of conquest, secures its
power through relentless aggression, and sees its main function is
to secure its status and power. Consider that when this book was
written such views were a scandal, especially in Germany.
Oppenheimer, who was a medical doctor who became a professor of
sociology, suffered terribly for his libertarian views. Then this
book appeared, which stunned even his most vociferous critics with
its analytical rigor, historical sweep, and steely resolve. The
book has since appeared in more than a dozen languages. In a world
that cared about ideas, this would be required reading in political
philosophy. From an economic point view, his analysis holds up even
where his language about capitalism and socialism can be somewhat
confused. In fact, it was Rothbard's own work that took
Oppenheimer's theory and fit it into a free-market framework. But
to fully understand the state theory behind modern
Austro-libertarian thinking, this work is indispensable.
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