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Books > History > World history > From 1900 > Postwar, from 1945
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Paradoxes of Post-Mao Rural Reform - Initial Steps toward a New Chinese Countryside, 1976-1981 (Paperback)
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Paradoxes of Post-Mao Rural Reform - Initial Steps toward a New Chinese Countryside, 1976-1981 (Paperback)
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The decollectivization of Chinese agriculture in the early post-Mao
period is widely recognized as a critical part of the overall
reform program. But the political process leading to this outcome
is poorly understood. A number of approaches have dominated the
existing literature: 1) a power/policy struggle between Hua
Guofeng's alleged neo-Maoists and Deng Xiaoping's reform coalition;
2) the power of the peasants; and 3) the leading role of provincial
reformers. The first has no validity, while second and third must
be viewed through more complex lenses. This study provides a new
interpretation challenging conventional wisdom. Its key finding is
that a game changer emerged in spring 1980 at the time Deng
replaced Hua as CCP leader, but the significant change in policy
was not a product of any clash between these two leaders. Instead,
Deng endorsed Zhao Ziyang's policy initiative that shifted emphasis
away from Hua's pro-peasant policy of increased resources to the
countryside, to a pro-state policy that reduced the rural burden on
national coffers. To replace the financial resources, policy
measures including household farming were implemented with
considerable provincial variations. The major unexpected production
increases in 1982 confirmed the arrival of decollectivization as
the template on the ground. The dynamics of this policy change has
never been adequately explained. Paradoxes of Post-Mao Rural Reform
offers a deep empirical study of critical developments involving
politics from the highest levels in Beijing to China's villages,
and in the process challenges many broader accepted interpretations
of the politics of reform. It is essential reading for students and
scholars of contemporary Chinese political history.
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