This book presents G. A. Cohen's Gifford Lectures, delivered at the
University of Edinburgh in 1996. Focusing on Marxism and Rawlsian
liberalism, Cohen draws a connection between these thought systems
and the choices that shape a person's life. In the case of Marxism,
the relevant life is his own: a communist upbringing in the 1940s
in Montreal, which induced a belief in a strongly socialist
egalitarian doctrine. The narrative of Cohen's reckoning with that
inheritance develops through a series of sophisticated engagements
with the central questions of social and political philosophy.
In the case of Rawlsian doctrine, Cohen looks to people's lives
in general. He argues that egalitarian justice is not only, as
Rawlsian liberalism teaches, a matter of rules that define the
structure of society, but also a matter of personal attitude and
choice. Personal attitude and choice are, moreover, the stuff of
which social structure itself is made. Those truths have not
informed political philosophy as much as they should, and Cohen's
focus on them brings political philosophy closer to moral
philosophy, and to the Judeo-Christian ethical tradition, than it
has recently been.
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