Methods to eonstruet images of an objeet from "projeetions" of
x-rays, ultrasound or eleetromagnetie waves have found wide
applieations in eleetron mieroseopy, diagnostie medicine and radio
astronomy. Projeetions are measurable quantities that are a
funetiona- usually involving a line integral - of physieal
properties of an objeet. Convolutional methods, or iterative
algorithms to solve large systems of linear equations are used to
reeonstruet the objeet. In prineiple, there is no reasan why
similar image reeonstruetions ean not be made with seismie waves.
In praetiee, seismic tomography meets with a number of
diffieulties, and it is not until the last deeade that imaging of
transmitted seismie waves has found applicatian in the Earth
sciences. The most important differenee between global seismie
tomography and mare eonventional applieations in the laboratory is
the faet that the seismologist is eonfronted with the lack of
anything resembling a well-eontrolled experimental set-up. Apart
from a few nuelear tests, it is not in our power to locate or time
seismie events. Apart from a few seabattom seismographs, our
sensors are located on land -and even there the availability of
data depends on eultural and politieal factors. Even in exploratian
seismics, praetieal faetors such as the east of an experiment put
strong limitations on the eompleteness of the data set.
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