The Cold War, which started in 1947, resulted from the United
States' gradual discovery that the Soviets, allies during World War
II, were enemies, hostile to non-Communist nations and determined
to spread Communism wherever they could. The Soviets feared another
revival of German nationalism and sought to defend themselves
against another German invasion. The U.S. and its allies created
NATO to balance a Soviet military buildup, including the nuclear
arms race. The first confrontation with Communist guerrilla action
in Greece and Soviet threats against Turkey were followed by
Communist party threats to overthrow democratic governments in
France and Italy and later all around the world. The U.S. supplied
vast military and economic assistance to thwart their efforts. The
Soviet government, consequently, felt obliged to assist governments
whom they considered threatened by the imperialists, principally
the United States.
In this insider's account of the Cold War, Ambassador George
McGhee outlines how the 43-year Cold War emerged unexpectedly in
1947. McGhee follows the standoff in Europe and the Far East, the
competition in the developing world, including the shooting wars
fought in Korea and Vietnam in which the U.S. lost 111,000 lives.
McGhee personally directed Greek-Turkish Aid, the first American
effort to contain the Soviets. He also led the movement to get
Greece and Turkey into NATO, using them as a bulwark against
encroachment in the Middle East. McGhee accounts, using his
hitherto unpublished field notes taken while he was special
assistant to the Secretary of State, his attempts to cope with the
Arab Refugee problem and the hostilites that followed the emergence
of the state of Israel. McGhee served in Guam with Curtis LeMay and
was involved in the bombing of Japan and the dropping of nuclear
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He negotiated with Nehru, Haile
Selassie, the Shah of Iran, and Ibn Saud to protect U.S. interests
in the Middle East. In addition, he negotiated with Tshombe in the
1962 Cong crisis, diverting a Soviet threat. He was also U.S.
ambassador to Germany from 1963 to 1968, when U.S. forces reached
250,000 in Europe.
General
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