In September 1796, worn out by burdens of the presidency and
attacks of political foes, George Washington announced his decision
not to seek a third term. With the assistance of Alexander Hamilton
and James Madison, Washington composed in a "Farewell Address" his
political testament to the nation. Designed to inspire and guide
future generations, the address also set forth Washington's defense
of his administration's record and embodied a classic statement of
Federalist doctrine. The practice of reading the Farewell Address
did not immediately become a tradition. The address was first read
in regular legislative sessions of the Senate in 1888 and the House
in 1899. (The House continued the practice until 1984.) Since 1893
the Senate has observed Washington's birthday by selecting one of
its members to read the Farewell Address. The assignment alternates
between members of each political party. At the conclusion of each
reading, the appointed senator inscribes his or her name and brief
remarks in a black, leatherbound book maintained by the secretary
of the Senate. The version of the address printed here is taken
from the original of the final manuscript in the New York Public
Library provided courtesy of The Papers of George Washington. The
only changes have been to modernize spelling, capitalization, and
punctuation. Washington did not publicly deliver his Farewell
Address. It first appeared on September 19, 1796, in the
Philadelphia Daily American Advertiser and then in papers around
the country.
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