Seven controversial approaches to schizophrenia, each assuming a
distinctive model, biological, psychological, or social, are
presented by their leading exponents. Arnold and Edith Buss deal
with such fundamental issues as: What is the nature of
schizophrenia? What general approach does each theory represent?
What does each theory assume, what evidence does it require for
proof, and what follows if the theory is correct? While the various
approaches covered here have many differences and few similarities,
they are not all mutually contradictory, and several may be
combined into a larger synthesis.
From a biological point of view, schizophrenia is a disease like
any other, originating in heredity, tissue malformation, and
physiological abnormality. The biological approach is represented
here by a theory focusing on genetic and neurological aspects. The
psychological approach treats schizophrenia as a failure of
adjustment. Within this framework there is considerable
disagreement. One theory emphasizes the cognitive problems of
perceiving, thinking, and problem-solving; another centers on
motivational disturbance, with its attendant problems of anxiety
and withdrawal; and two theories focus on regressive behavior.
Schizophrenia provides a stimulating basis for discussion by
presenting the etiology of schizophrenia in terms of the most
significant contemporary approaches. The juxtaposition of these
viewpoints enables the professor to maximize students' interest as
well as their insight into the complexity of contradictory evidence
and opinions.
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