The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities
has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate
surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability
include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of
bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes.
Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by
decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of
some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction
materials to increase short-term economic returns on their
investment.
Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not
shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an
issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a
cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental
and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which
determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use
plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most
suitable usage for vulnerable areas.
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