Arguing that the question of Jean-Jacques Rousseau s relationship
to the Enlightenment has been eclipsed and seriously distorted by
his association with the French Revolution, Graeme Garrard presents
the first book-length case that shows Rousseau as the pivotal
figure in the emergence of Counter-Enlightenment thought. Viewed in
the context in which he actually lived and wrote -- from the middle
of the eighteenth century to his death in 1778 -- it is apparent
that Rousseau categorically rejected the Enlightenment "republic of
letters" in favor of his own "republic of virtue." The philosophes,
placing faith in reason and natural human sociability and
subjecting religion to systematic criticism and doubt, naively
minimized the deep tensions and complexities of collective life and
the power disintegrative forces posed to social order. Rousseau
believed that the ever precarious social order could only be
achieved artificially, by manufacturing "sentiments of sociability,
" reshaping individuals to identify with common interests instead
of their own selfish interests.
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