Gregory of Neocaesarea: aka Gregory Thaumaturgus and Gregory the
Wonderworker.
Gregory of Neocaesarea was the bishop of the city of Neocaesarea
in the Roman province of Pontus, located in Anatolia (modern
Turkey). We are well-served with information on Gregory's life,
with autobiographical, historical, and legendary material from
which to draw. From these sources we can deduce that Gregory was
born into a well-placed family in eastern Pontus. Although his
father died when he was only 14 years old, his mother ensured he
obtained a good Greek education. Not only that, circumstances meant
that Gregory studied both Roman laws in Phoenicia and Greek
philosophy in Palestine, where he was the student of Origen, the
famous Christian philosopher. On returning home to Neocaesarea,
Gregory showed himself to be a man of great qualities, and
eventually found himself appointed as the leader of the church in
that city. Under his leadership, the churches in that region grew
from strength to strength. He confronted and overcame the
prevailing traditional religion and strongly asserted the claims of
the Christian religion. His life and work demonstrate the strength
of the Christian Church in the second half of the third century
A.D.
Gregory is primarily known as a "wonder-worker," and to have
converted the people of his region through the impact of the
wonders he performed. For modern readers this can be a problem, but
does not have to be viewed this way. The introduction of
Christianity has changed the way in which Westerners, in
particular, view the world. However, our world is quite different
from Gregory's world, so in order to understand the impact Gregory
had upon his society it is first necessary to try to understand
that society. It was very old, and relatively stable, despite the
political changes that had taken place in Anatolia over the
previous two millennia. While our sources for understanding the
traditional society in which Gregory lived are limited, by scanning
the whole period we can at least gain some understanding of the
circumstances that led the people of the province of Pontus to
convert to Christianity, and to abandon their traditional religion.
They did this in large numbers, particularly during Gregory's
lifetime. In this regard, it is important to realise that Gregory
offered the ordinary people of his province a way to escape the
limitations of the old ways, and to take on a new "more
philosophical" way of life by embracing the teachings of
Christ.
Gregory faced significant difficulties. His activities were
conducted in the full light of the Roman authorities. In this
regard, it is useful to track the changes that took place in that
empire, and the nature of the inevitable clash between the Church
and the Roman Empire. Today there is little recognition of the
extent to which Christianity was on the move during the third
century A.D., particularly in Anatolia. As a result, we should not
view the Church's conflict with the Roman State as an aberration,
but rather consider that it reflected the state's response to the
challenge Christianity presented to the worldview of the Roman
leadership. They believed that the ancient gods of all the peoples
of the empire had made Rome great, but the Christians refused to
worship these ancient gods, or even to respect them. Gregory fell
into the thick of this, facing up to the period of persecution
under Emperor Decius (249-251), and then another period of
persecution late in the reign of Emperor Valerian (253-259). While
Decius' attack appears to have been superficially successful in
cowing the Christians, it would also appear that the Church emerged
stronger in the following decade than it was before. This
particularly applies to Gregory's own region, the province of
Pontus.
General
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